What should be done if a puppy is not breastfed?

When a puppy is born and the mother dog is unable to provide milk, it can be a challenging situation for both the puppy and the pet owner. This is a delicate time that requires immediate attention and proper care to ensure the health and survival of the newborn pup.

Understanding the Issue

Newborn puppies are entirely dependent on their mother's milk for nutrition, antibodies, and hydration in the first few weeks of life. If the mother dog, known as the dam, is not producing milk or is unavailable to feed the puppies, it's crucial to intervene swiftly. There could be various reasons for this, such as illness, mastitis, or rejection of the litter. Whatever the cause, the priority is to ensure the puppies get the sustenance they need.

Immediate Steps

The first thing to do is to check the health of both the mother and the puppies. If the dam is sick, she may need veterinary care. In the meantime, the puppies will need to be kept warm and comfortable. You can use a heating pad or a warm water bottle wrapped in a cloth to maintain the temperature. It's essential to mimic the mother's body heat to keep the puppies from becoming hypothermic.

Feeding Options

Without the mother's milk, you'll need to find an alternative feeding method. One of the most common solutions is to use a milk replacement formula specifically designed for puppies. These formulas are available at pet stores and are made to closely match the nutrients found in a mother's milk.

Bottle Feeding

Bottle feeding is a common method for hand-rearing puppies. You'll need to use a bottle designed for feeding puppies, as their tiny mouths and limited suckling strength require a specialized nipple. It's important to feed the puppies slowly to prevent them from inhaling formula into their lungs, which can cause pneumonia.

Feeding Schedule

Puppies will need to be fed every two to four hours, depending on their age and weight. Younger puppies will need more frequent feedings. It's crucial to follow the feeding instructions on the puppy formula to ensure the right balance of nutrients. Overfeeding can lead to digestive issues, while underfeeding can result in malnutrition.

Hygiene and Cleanliness

After each feeding, it's important to clean the puppies' faces and genital areas with a warm, damp cloth to stimulate urination and defecation. Mother dogs naturally do this after feeding, but since you're taking over this role, it's necessary to mimic this behavior to keep the puppies clean and healthy.

Monitoring Health

Keep a close eye on the puppies' health. They should gain weight gradually, and their growth should be consistent with their breed and age. If you notice any signs of illness, such as lethargy, diarrhea, or failure to gain weight, consult a veterinarian immediately.

Socialization and Handling

While the primary concern is the puppies' physical health, their social and emotional well-being is also important. Handle the puppies gently and frequently to get them used to human contact. This early socialization will help them grow into well-adjusted adult dogs.

Finding a Foster Dam

If possible, finding another mother dog that can take on the puppies is an ideal solution. This can be a challenge, but it's worth exploring within your local community or through breeders and rescue organizations. A foster dam can provide not only milk but also the warmth and comfort that puppies need.

Caring for puppies without their mother's milk is a significant responsibility, but with the right approach and dedication, you can help these little lives thrive. It's important to stay informed, be patient, and seek professional advice when needed. With proper care, these puppies can grow up to be healthy, happy dogs.