Understanding Canine Trimethoprim中毒: Causes and Symptom
Trimetoprim, a member of the aromatic diamine class, is a traditional, broadspectrum antiprotozoal drug commonly used in veterinary medicine. It effectively treats a variety of blood parasites, including trypanosomes, hemoparasites, anaplasmosis, and Leptospira. However, trimetoprim carries a significant clinical toxicity with a narrow safety margin, which can lead to adverse reactions during treatment. This is particularly true for dogs and cats, where excessive dosages can easily result in poisoning symptoms. The recommended therapeutic dose for dogs and cats is 3.5mg per kilogram of body weight. When the dose reaches 7mg/kg, dogs may exhibit pronounced central nervous system symptoms.
Trimetoprim Poisoning Symptoms:
Neurological symptoms may include inability to stand, lateral recumbency with rigid limbs, continuous swimminglike movements, drooling, barking, absence of eyelid reflexes, and urinary incontinence.
1. There is no specific antidote for trimetoprim poisoning in dogs. Treatment involves supportive measures such as fluid replacement, detoxification,排毒, liver protection, pain relief, and antispasmodics.
Administer a mixture of 100ml of 5% glucose saline, 40ml of 50% glucose, 8ml of vitamin C, 2ml of vitamin B6, 4ml of ATP, and 200 units of coenzyme A. Additionally, add 20ml of 10% calcium gluconate to 5% glucose saline. For intravenous infusion, combine 200ml of 0.9% saline with 20g of ampicillin, 10mg of dexamethasone, and 5ml of 10% potassium chloride, twice daily. Inject 2mg of atropine intramuscularly once daily, adjusting the dosage based on the severity of salivation and intestinal spasms. Also, administer 20ml of rapid解毒 and 2ml of vitamin B12 subcutaneously. Inject 2ml of furosemide intramuscularly.
Continue this treatment for three days. If the dog cannot eat, switch to enteral nutrition therapy and inject liquid food into the mouth using an injection method.
2. Acupuncture Treatment: For severe central nervous system symptoms in dogs, acupuncture treatment can begin on the fourth day after poisoning. The main points are Renzhong, Tianmen, Dazhui,陶道, and Baihui. Use 1mm needles and apply a slow insertion technique. After inserting the needles, leave them in place for 20 minutes, with a 1minute lift, thrust, and twist every 5 minutes, twice a day, for a total of 7 days.
For intramuscular injection, trimetoprim should be diluted to a concentration of 5% to 7% just before use. Due to its high toxicity and narrow safety margin, it is crucial to strictly control the dosage and avoid exceeding it. It should not be used consecutively; a single dose is sufficient. The local injection site may be irritating and cause swelling, so it should be administered in multiple points with deep intramuscular injections.
After poisoning, dogs may exhibit severe central nervous system symptoms, including muscle rigidity and spasms. Immediate rescue is necessary, as failure to do so can lead to death. There is no specific antidote for trimetoprim poisoning in dogs, so the primary treatment involves detoxification, fluid replacement, liver protection, and antispasmodics.
Atropine can be used to suppress glandular secretions, which not only relieves gastrointestinal symptoms and the inhibitory effect on the heart but also alleviates some central nervous system symptoms. Rapid解毒 contains acetylcholine, sodium bromide, and atropine. Sodium bromide enhances the inhibitory process of the cerebral cortex, producing a calming effect and restoring the balance between excitation and inhibition. Additionally, it has a certain anticonvulsant effect.
Acupuncture can stimulate the central nervous system, protect nerve cells, promote the regeneration and functional recovery of neurons, and improve memory and cognitive functions. It is the preferred treatment for neurological injuries and disorders.
