Common Cat Oral Diseases and Essential Care Tips

Symptoms and Causes:

1. Periodontal Disease

Periodontal disease is one of the most common oral health issues in cats, with approximately 80% of cats over the age of 3 being affected. This condition primarily stems from the accumulation of dental plaque on the teeth, which can lead to two main forms: gingivitis and periodontitis.

Gingivitis, the early stage of periodontitis, is characterized by inflammation, redness, and swelling of the gums due to bacterial colonization and tartar buildup. This can lead to gum recession, which in turn allows for more food particles and tartar to accumulate, causing further damage to the periodontal support structures and resulting in periodontitis.

Periodontal diseases can cause oral pain in cats, leading to difficulties in eating, bad breath, and excessive drooling. Prevention is key in treating this condition at home, which includes regular dental care such as brushing and, when necessary, veterinary checkups or dental cleanings.

2. Chronic Gingivostomatitis

Also known as feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS), feline gingivitisstomatitispharyngitis complex (GSPC), or feline plasmacyticlymphocytic gingivitis, chronic gingivostomatitis is a common, yet enigmatic disease with undefined causes.

The primary causes of chronic gingivostomatitis include chronic calicivirus, herpesvirus, coronavirus, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), and feline leukemia virus (FeLV). Cats with mild inflammation may eat normally and show no signs of oral pain. Moderate inflammation can lead to decreased appetite, preference for soft foods, bad breath, and sticky, darkbrown secretions around the lips. Severe inflammation may result in a loss of appetite, severe halitosis, and excessive drooling.

Preventive care at home is crucial, involving regular dental hygiene and maintaining good oral health. In severe cases, veterinary treatment is necessary, and longterm management should be anticipated.

3. Feline Odontoclastic Resorption

Feline odontoclastic resorption is a common dental condition affecting cats, with an incidence rate of about 20% to 75% in adult cats and over 60% in senior cats. It is a condition that tends to increase with age.

This condition is caused by odontoclasts, cells responsible for reshaping normal tooth structures. When these cells become activated without proper inhibition, they can lead to tooth destruction. Similar to periodontal disease, feline odontoclastic resorption may not show symptoms but can lead to swallowing difficulties, excessive drooling, and oral bleeding in severe cases.

Preventive care is essential, including regular dental hygiene. The most effective treatment is the complete extraction of affected teeth, followed by proper care.

Daily Dental Care for Cats

When examining your cat's teeth, you may find tartar or signs of oral disease, indicating inadequate dental care. Like humans, cats require daily brushing, but the process can be challenging. Here are the general steps for brushing your cat's teeth:

1. Hold your cat in a sidelying position for stability.

2. Apply a small amount of toothpaste or dental gel to your finger.

3. Gently apply the toothpaste or gel to the surface of the teeth.

4. Use a gauze pad or a finger brush to clean the teeth.

To make the brushing process smoother, start by regularly lifting your cat's lips to get them accustomed to the motion. If your cat resists brushing, don't force it; break the session into shorter intervals. Always reward your cat after brushing to encourage future compliance.