Canine Campylobacteriosis: Understanding the Disease

What is Canine Campylobacteriosis?

Canine Campylobacteriosis is primarily transmitted through fecaloral routes, particularly via contaminated food and water. Infected meats and unpasteurized milk are other common sources of infection.

The severity of the disease caused by this microorganism depends on the number of microorganisms ingested and the immune status of the infected animal. Other intestinal pathogens, such as canine parvovirus, canine coronavirus, flagellates, and Salmonella, may also contribute to the disease.

Dogs and cats housed in kennels, catteries, laboratories, and animal shelters are more likely to carry the bacteria than those kept in private homes. Additionally, puppies and kittens are more susceptible to developing enteritis and diarrhea due to a lack of prior exposure, which means they lack the antibodies that can protect them from the disease.

Dogs can carry the bacteria without showing any signs of illness, which is quite common. Clinical symptoms, when they do appear, are most frequently seen in dogs under six months of age. Concurrent illness, hospitalization, pregnancy, or surgeryinduced stress can make animals more susceptible to clinical disease. The main clinical symptoms include diarrhea, ranging from loose stools to watery diarrhea, and sometimes diarrhea with blood and mucus. Acute diarrhea in puppies (and occasionally adult dogs) may present as a watery diarrhea with increased mucus, often accompanied by decreased appetite and occasional vomiting. Fever may also occur. In some cases, diarrhea may last for weeks, possibly intermittently, or even for months.

Three Main Diagnostic Methods for Canine Campylobacteriosis

These are: microscopic examination, biochemical analysis, and serological analysis.

1. Microscopic examination. A rapid presumptive diagnosis can be made by examining fresh fecal samples for characteristic, rapidly moving Campylobacter, or by examining stained slides for slightly stained, elongated, "seagull wing" bacteria.

2. Biochemical analysis. Fresh fecal swabs can be sent to a laboratory where medical personnel will isolate and culture the microorganism.

3. Serological analysis. In humans, various techniques are available for detecting Campylobacter seroantibodies. Currently, no studies have been conducted in dogs and cats to assess the importance of antibody levels as indicators of infection in dogs and cats with or without diarrhea.

Treatment Methods for Canine Campylobacteriosis

1. Antibiotics. Antibiotic treatment may be necessary for some dogs and cats with severe diarrhea, especially to reduce human and other pet exposure at home. Fortunately, Campylobacter strains are sensitive to many antibiotics, particularly erythromycin and tetracycline.

2. Supportive care. Animals with severe infections may require hospitalization and supportive care, such as intravenous fluids and a diet of bland or highfiber content to try to resolve diarrhea.

PostTreatment Care for Canine Campylobacteriosis

The best approach to treatment is a combination of athome care and professional veterinary care. Followup is crucial, especially if your pet's condition does not improve quickly. Always follow your veterinarian's instructions regarding medication. If you encounter any issues with treating your pet, be sure to notify your veterinarian promptly.

Avoid stressful situations for your dog, as stress can be a trigger for the disease.

Campylobacter is a major cause of human intestinal disease. Clinical symptoms can be severe, including fever, vomiting, and abdominal discomfort. Cats and puppies recently purchased from pet stores or kennels are often considered sources of human infection, although asymptomatic cats and dogs can also be carriers. The main risk factor for human infection is consuming raw or undercooked meat, particularly chicken.