Arthritis Alert: Why Your Dog's Winter Lethargy Matters

What is Osteoarthritis?

Osteoarthritis, commonly known as OA, affects 30% to 50% of dogs and cats. Unlike human OA, canine and feline OA is not solely agerelated, meaning even young and adolescent pets can develop the condition. Multiple factors can contribute to the onset of OA in dogs, including breed, age, gender, weight, and genetics.

Understanding the Onset of Osteoarthritis:

Osteoarthritis is a comprehensive joint disease caused by an imbalance in the synthesis and degradation of joint cartilage, extracellular matrix, and subchondral bone due to mechanical and biological factors. When joint cartilage is compressed or damaged, cells can become compromised, leading to degeneration rather than regeneration. This results in the release of degenerative products like cell lysosomal enzymes and proteoglycans. As proteoglycans decrease, the cartilage becomes further damaged, with the collagen mesh disappearing and elasticity reducing. Inflammatory factors are released, leading to hyaluronic acid breakdown and a decline in synovial fluid quality. Increased cartilage friction further damages the joint.

Types of Osteoarthritis:

1. Degenerative Joint Disease: Caused by wear and tear.

2. Hip Dysplasia: Malformation of the hip joint's head and socket.

3. Elbow Dysplasia

4. Knee Dysplasia

5. Osteochondrosis Dissecans

6. Hyperarthrosis

7. Shoulder Osteoarthritis

8. Inflammatory Arthritis, and more.

Symptoms of Osteoarthritis in Dogs:

Dogs with OA may exhibit a decrease in activity, laziness, and a reluctance to move. They might become stiff after maintaining a posture for an extended period. Joint pain and swelling, excessive licking of a particular area, difficulty in changing positions, and changes in temperament, such as increased irritability and aggression, are also common. A lack of enthusiasm for movement is another telltale sign.

Managing Osteoarthritis in Dogs:

1. Weight Management: Adjusting your dog's diet and lifestyle to control weight is crucial. For certain breeds (like Corgis and French Bulldogs), it may be beneficial to keep their weight 5% to 10% below the standard.

2. Moderate Exercise: Dogs with hip dysplasia or other joint deformities can benefit from moderate exercise, which helps build muscle mass and reduce joint stress.

3. Medication: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most suitable medications for controlling pain and inflammation associated with OA.

4. Physical Therapy and Nutritional Support: Gentle massage, radiation therapy, and other jointfriendly treatments can aid in improving joint health. Additionally, supplementing with joint nutrients can promote joint repair.