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Dogs can experience issues with their calcium levels, which can lead to either hypocalcemia, or low blood calcium, or hypercalcemia, which is high blood calcium. Recognizing the symptoms and understanding the implications of these conditions is crucial for any dog owner. Hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia can have serious consequences if left untreated, so it's important to be aware of the signs and know what steps to take.

Low Blood Calcium Symptoms

Dogs with hypocalcemia might exhibit a variety of symptoms. One of the most common signs is muscle twitching, which can progress to more severe muscle spasms or even seizures. These symptoms occur because calcium plays a vital role in muscle function, and without enough calcium, the muscles can't operate properly. You might also notice that your dog has a wobbly gait or is having difficulty walking. This can be due to the weakness that results from low calcium levels affecting the nerves and muscles.

Other symptoms can include excessive panting, drooling, and a change in your dog's bark. In severe cases, hypocalcemia can lead to a life-threatening condition known as tetany, where the dog experiences rigid muscle contractions and can become extremely agitated or even comatose.

High Blood Calcium Symptoms

Hypercalcemia in dogs can be just as problematic. Symptoms might include increased thirst and urination, as well as a loss of appetite and lethargy. Dogs with high blood calcium may also experience vomiting and diarrhea. Over time, you might notice that your dog is losing weight or has a poor coat condition. In some cases, high calcium levels can lead to the development of bladder stones or can contribute to the calcification of organs, which can be fatal.

Causes and Risks

Hypocalcemia can be caused by a variety of factors, including improper nutrition, kidney disease, or hormonal imbalances. It's also common in nursing dogs, as the demands for calcium can be very high when producing milk. Hypercalcemia, on the other hand, can result from underlying diseases such as cancer, kidney failure, or overactive parathyroid glands.

What to Do

If you suspect your dog is suffering from either hypocalcemia or hypercalcemia, it's essential to consult with your veterinarian. They can perform blood tests to check your dog's calcium levels and determine the underlying cause. Treatment will depend on the severity of the condition and the cause.

For hypocalcemia, treatment may involve calcium supplements and treatment of any underlying conditions. Your vet might also recommend dietary changes to ensure your dog is getting enough calcium and vitamin D, which helps the body absorb calcium.

For hypercalcemia, treatment will focus on addressing the root cause. If the condition is due to cancer, for example, chemotherapy or other cancer treatments may be necessary. In cases where the parathyroid glands are overactive, surgery might be required to remove the problematic gland.

Prevention Tips

To help prevent calcium-related issues, ensure your dog is on a balanced diet that meets their nutritional needs. For growing puppies and pregnant or nursing dogs, this is especially important, as their calcium requirements are higher. Regular veterinary check-ups can also help catch any potential issues early before they become more serious.

Being vigilant about your dog's health and watching for any changes in behavior or appearance can help you catch calcium level issues early. Early detection and treatment are key to ensuring your dog lives a long, healthy life. Regular communication with your vet and proper care can go a long way in managing these conditions.