Common Oral Diseases in Cats: Prevention and Treatment

Periodontal Disease:

Approximately 80% of cats over the age of four suffer from periodontal disease. As cats age, their metabolism and immune systems tend to weaken, leading to the accumulation of thick tartar and calculus on the gums and in the mouth. This buildup can lead to bacterial infections, which are the primary cause of periodontal disease.

Periodontitis is the early stage of periodontal disease, characterized by bacterial plaque and calculus adhering to the periodontal tissues, causing gum inflammation and, in severe cases, gum recession, leading to drooling and even fistulas.

Treatment: Mild periodontal disease can often be managed with regular dental care. For severe periodontitis, anesthesia and professional teeth cleaning are necessary, followed by a period of care. Enzymatic toothpaste is often recommended.

Personal Recommendation: It's advisable for cats to have their teeth cleaned at a veterinarian's office once a year after the age of three.

Chronic Stomatitis:

Chronic stomatitis can be caused by a variety of factors, including feline calicivirus, herpesvirus, coronavirus, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), leukemia, and is also associated with periodontal disease and immune disorders. Symptoms may include mild inflammation, with the cat maintaining normal appetite and showing no signs of oral pain. In severe cases, fullmouth dental extraction may be necessary, although there is a 7% chance that cats will not show significant improvement even after extraction.

Resorption of Tooth Roots:

Resorption of tooth roots is a common dental condition affecting about 20% to 75% of adult cats, with approximately 66% of cats over the age of 66 being affected. Oral examinations may reveal a small or large amount of dental plaque and calculus on the teeth, with hyperplastic gums eroding the gum surface. In severe cases, tooth extraction may be required. If the affected area is at the root of the tooth, Xrays are used for diagnosis. If the root is intact in the Xray, the tooth must be completely removed. However, if the root is resorbed in the Xray, the choice may be to extract the crown only.