Common Causes of Canine and Feline Stomatitis Explained

There are numerous factors that can lead to stomatitis in cats and dogs, and the common causes differ between the two species. Dogs often suffer from stomatitis due to poor diet and inadequate oral hygiene, whereas cats tend to develop it primarily from biological infections. However, today, Dr. OxygenPet will comprehensively list the causes of stomatitis in our feline and canine friends, providing a clearer understanding for all pet owners.

1. Physical Causes

Cats and dogs can develop inflammation due to trauma from swallowing sharp bone splinters, hard foods, or foreign objects, which can cause injuries to the inner lining of the mouth. Eating overly hot foods can also burn the oral mucosa, leading to infection. Trauma from fighting with other pets can also result in inflammation. Additionally, abnormal behaviors like chewing on rough objects or metal wires can lead to oral inflammation.

2. Chemical Causes

Accidental ingestion of corrosive substances, heavy metal poisoning, or highconcentration irritant drugs can all cause severe oral inflammation in pets. Furthermore, if they consume anticoagulant drugs, it may lead to excessive bleeding, most commonly in the mouth, gums, and mucous membranes.

3. Biological Infections

(1) Bacterial Infections: This includes infections from Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, and Pneumococcus, among others.

(2) Viral Infections: Dogs can develop stomatitis from canine distemper virus, canine hepatitis virus, or herpesvirus, among others.

(3) Fungal Infections: Fungal stomatitis in cats and dogs is often a result of longterm antibiotic use, along with immune deficiencies and other oral diseases. Candida albicans infections, for instance, can cause candidal stomatitis.

(4) Other: Spirochetes, leptospirosis, and canine leptospirosis can also lead to severe oral ulcerations. Leptospirosis can cause thrombocytopenia, along with bleeding in the gums and mouth. Canine leptospirosis can lead to acute kidney failure, accompanied by symptoms such as oral ulcers, bleeding, glossitis, and tongue necrosis, which can sometimes result in the loss of the tip of the tongue.

4. Nutritional Deficiencies

(1) Cats and dogs with underlying diseases that cause excessive protein loss may develop oral ulcers if they do not receive enough protein.

(2) A deficiency in B vitamins, vitamin C, iron, and zinc can lead to stomatitis, as these are essential minerals for oral health.

5. Other Factors

(1) Endocrine Disorders: Conditions like hypoparathyroidism or hypocalcemia can lead to oral ulcers.

(2) Metabolic Diseases: Conditions such as acute or chronic kidney failure.

(3) Stress Responses: After experiencing stress, pets' immune systems may weaken, making them more susceptible to infections and oral injuries.

While these are the causes of stomatitis in cats and dogs, pet owners need not worry excessively. Most cases of stomatitis are due to poor oral hygiene and trauma, and with timely treatment, pets can recover quickly. Regular cleaning and care are key to preventing future issues!