Rabbit Malocclusion Dangers, Prevention & Management

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What is Malocclusion in Rabbits?

Malocclusion in rabbits refers to a condition where the upper and lower teeth do not align properly, which can manifest in two primary forms: misalignment at the incisor area or at the molar region.

The primary causes of malocclusion include:

Genetic Factors: Some rabbits are born with congenital malocclusion, which varies in severity and is often not easily cured or prevented. If financially feasible, veterinary treatment can be considered.

External Trauma: Significant impact on a rabbit's teeth can lead to fractures, tilting, or bending, ultimately causing malocclusion.

Lack of Wear: A diet consisting mainly of soft foods can prevent rabbits from adequately grinding their teeth, leading to overgrowth and malocclusion.

What Are the Dangers of Malocclusion?

Malocclusion can lead to several issues, including:

Chewing Difficulty: Rabbits may experience difficulty chewing, reduced appetite, drooling, and may only eat soft foods. Severe cases can result in weight loss and intestinal blockages.

Oral Damage: Overgrown teeth can injure the lips, with the upper molars potentially piercing the cheeks and the lower molars scraping the tongue, leading to oral ulcers.

Systemic Complications: Long roots can pierce the nasal cavity and the back of the eyes, causing bulging eyes and abscesses around the eyes and nose. Excessively long roots in the lower molars can also penetrate the jawbone, leading to facial abscesses.

Prevention and Management:

1. Selection: When choosing a rabbit, examine its teeth and bite for any signs of malocclusion to avoid purchasing a rabbit with a genetic predisposition. Avoid breeding rabbits with malocclusion.

2. Diet: Ensure your rabbit's diet is rich in highfiber hay, and provide chew toys, apple branches, dental stones, and treats to encourage teeth grinding.

3. Observation and Maintenance: Regularly observe your rabbit's eating habits and check its teeth for any abnormalities. If you notice issues like overgrown incisors, consult a veterinarian for an oral examination and Xrays.

Understanding the impact of malocclusion and implementing preventive measures is crucial for rabbit owners. Remember, a balanced diet with plenty of hay is not only beneficial for dental health but also supports overall digestive wellbeing.

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