Managing Diabetes in Cats and Dogs: Essential Tips

Section 1: The Mechanism of Feline and Canine Diabetes

Diabetes in cats and dogs occurs due to a deficiency in insulin secretion and its utilization within the body. This leads to an inability to properly utilize glucose, which is the body's primary energy source. When glucose is not utilized as it should be, the body turns to breaking down fats for energy, resulting in a cascade of metabolic imbalances.

Section 2: Symptoms of Feline and Canine Diabetes (Characterized by 'Three Pluses and One Minus')

1. Increased Urination: High osmolarity causes osmotic diuresis, leading to more frequent urination.

2. Increased Thirst: The loss of significant amounts of water triggers an increased sensation of thirst.

3. Increased Appetite: The hypothalamus continuously releases hunger signals.

4. Weight Loss: Since the body cannot use glucose properly, it must break down stored fat for energy.

In severe cases, symptoms may include: Due to the metabolism of fats, a large amount of ketone bodies is produced, leading to severe acidosis. The body may experience severe dehydration, hypovolemia, and even shock.

Section 3: Diagnosis of Feline and Canine Diabetes

1. Blood tests, CRP, biochemical analysis, blood gas analysis, urinalysis, and imaging studies.

2. Blood Tests: White blood cell count may rise (indicating secondary infection).

3. Biochemical Analysis: Abnormal levels of blood glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides.

4. Blood Gas Analysis: Acidosis, hyperkalemia, etc.

5. Urinalysis: Presence of glucose and ketones.

6. Imaging: Examination of the pancreas for any abnormalities.

Section 4: Treatment of Feline and Canine Diabetes

1. Reduction of ketone bodies during diabetic ketoacidosis: Correction of electrolyte imbalances, adjustment of acidbase status, and elimination of ketones.

2. Creating a glucose curve (to determine appropriate dosage and frequency) and injecting insulin: This process requires guidance from a veterinarian and involves many precautions.

Diabetes cannot be cured completely; once diagnosed, insulin control is necessary, and improper management can be lifethreatening.

Section 5: Precautions for Feline and Canine Diabetes

1. Feeding a veterinaryprescribed diet is ideal. If commercial food is not consumed, grainfree canned food can be an alternative.

2. For particularly finicky cats, it's best to feed them before insulin administration.

3. Avoid vigorous exercise.

The most critical aspect is insulin control, which can be managed through glucose curve monitoring.