Common Canine and Feline Oral Diseases: Symptoms & Medi

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Oral Inflammation in Dogs and Cats

Oral inflammation in dogs and cats is characterized by the inflammation of the mucous membranes in the mouth. While it often affects only the local area of inflammation, it can also spread to the tongue, gums, and cheek mucosa, leading to a more widespread condition. There are various types of oral inflammation, including ulcerative, necrotic, fungal, and vesicular, with ulcerative being the most common.

1. Causes of Oral Inflammation in Dogs and Cats

Oral inflammation in dogs and cats can be categorized into primary and secondary causes. Primary causes usually involve mechanical injuries or physical and chemical irritations, such as cuts from bones or fish bones, or from overly spicy or hot food. Secondary causes often include viral infections like Candida albicans, feline rhinotracheitis virus, feline calicivirus, and canine distemper virus, as well as deficiencies in vitamins, dental diseases, and more.

2. Symptoms of Oral Inflammation

The symptoms of oral inflammation include red, swollen gums, tongue, and cheek mucosa, along with excessive drooling. Affected dogs may eat normally but have difficulty swallowing. Cats may experience a decrease in appetite or even refuse to eat. Dogs and cats may scratch at their mouths, cry out during meals, and exhale unpleasant odors. The temperature may rise to 40°C, with the mucous membranes becoming red and swollen, and a thick coating of saliva may be present. Severe cases may result in grayish, stringy mucus being secreted from the mouth, which can be found on the floor and the animal's forelimbs. Oral ulcers can lead to increased thirst, but mucosal bleeding can cause pain.

3. Treatment for Oral Inflammation

Immediate treatment is necessary for oral inflammation. One effective product is "Le kou ning," a spray designed to treat oral inflammation, halitosis, ulcers, and redness in dogs and cats. It contains turmeric, which can inhibit viral and bacterial infections, alleviate oral inflammation and ulcers, and has antiinflammatory and antibacterial properties. Angelica sinensis helps with pain relief, inflammation reduction, and muscle repair, while dandelion has antiinflammatory and painrelieving effects on red, bleeding gums and halitosis. Treatment involves opening the dog or cat's mouth and quickly spraying the solution into the affected area, using it one to two times a day for three to five days.

During treatment, it's important to supplement vitamins to aid in the repair of the oral mucosa. A multivitamin tablet rich in eight vitamins, including B vitamins, vitamin A, vitamin E, and niacin, can help alleviate halitosis and strengthen teeth. Dosage should be as per the instructions or under the guidance of a professional veterinarian.

Without prompt treatment, dogs and cats may become emaciated due to difficulty eating and may develop secondary infections, leading to more severe oral issues and even lifethreatening situations. Therefore, it's crucial to treat oral problems promptly and maintain a healthy diet for the animal.

Two: Periodontitis and Gingivitis

Periodontitis is an inflammation of the periodontal ligament and surrounding tissues, also known as alveolar abscess. It shares similar symptoms with gingivitis, which is inflammation of the gums.

Symptoms:

Dogs and cats with periodontitis and gingivitis may exhibit bleeding and swelling at the gum margins. If accompanied by oral inflammation, pain during eating and chewing can increase, along with excessive drooling. Eating can cause severe pain if food touches the gums, potentially leading to seizures and spasms. If infection becomes purulent, pus can be expressed from the gums when gently pressed.

Causes:

The causes of periodontitis and gingivitis can be attributed to dental calculus, food residue, or infection after tooth loss. A diet lacking in trace elements and vitamins can also trigger these conditions.

Treatment for Periodontitis and Gingivitis:

Both periodontitis and gingivitis can be acute or chronic, but they can be treated with medication, such as metronidazole tablets, which are effective against halitosis, stomatitis, gingivitis, and periodontitis. "Le kou ning" spray and multivitamin tablets can also be used. During treatment, it's important to clean the affected area with warm saline solution, remove dental plaque and calculus, and, if necessary, take antibiotics to prevent infection. If the animal is eating less due to the disease, intravenous glucose and amino acids can be administered to prevent dehydration. During the recovery period, a diet of soft, easytoswallow foods should be provided to reduce oral irritation and aid in healing.

Three: Dental Calculus

Dental calculus is a common oral problem in dogs and cats, often found on the surfaces of teeth near salivary gland openings. Initially, it is a soft, milky deposit, but it hardens over time, typically appearing brown, black, or yellow.

Dental calculus is a contributing factor to periodontitis and can lead to a series of oral diseases if not removed promptly. If pet owners do not pay attention to dental hygiene, food residue can accumulate on the teeth, leading to calculus and bacterial growth.

Prevention and Treatment of Dental Calculus in Dogs and Cats:

Generally, dogs and cats that frequently eat wet food or have double rows of teeth are more prone to dental calculus, which can also cause halitosis. Dental calculus begins as dental plaque, so it's important to remove it promptly when you notice yellowing on the teeth. Provide your pets with dental toys or treats to prevent plaque from turning into calculus.

When dental calculus is present, it's important to have a professional dental cleaning to remove it. However, it's also crucial to maintain dental health afterward by regularly brushing your pet's teeth and maintaining good oral hygiene.

Dental care for dogs and cats is often overlooked, as many pet owners find it cumbersome and their pets may not cooperate. However, with consistency, pets can get used to the routine, and it's essential to prioritize balanced diets to prevent oral inflammation. If you have any questions about your pet's oral health, don't hesitate to consult an online veterinary expert.

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