Canine Mammary Tumor Surgery: A Comprehensive Guide

Dog mammary tumors are quite common, particularly in cases where ovaries have not been removed.

The incidence increases with age, so early detection and surgery are crucial. It is essential to have the removed tissue examined for pathological findings.

Anesthesia and Restraint

Intubation, inhalation anesthesia, or a general injection for anesthesia can be used. The dog should be placed in a supine position for the procedure.

The method of mastectomy depends on the animal's condition, the location of the affected breast, and the lymphatic drainage.

There are four common mastectomy methods used in clinical practice:

(1) Unilateral Mastectomy:

This involves the removal of a single breast. There are two techniques for this: the first is a single mastectomy, where the skin is incised, subcutaneous tissue is stripped, the affected breast is removed, and the skin and subcutaneous tissues are sutured back together. The second method is a single mastectomy, which includes the removal of the breast and the skin covering the breast area.

(2) Regional Mastectomy:

This entails the removal of several affected breasts or breasts that are part of the same lymphatic drainage.

(3) Lateral Mastectomy:

This is the removal of the entire lateral mammary chain, a highly effective and feasible treatment for breast tumors.

(4) Bilateral Mastectomy:

This involves the removal of all breasts and is typically reserved for widechested dogs with malignant tumors. Skin reconstruction may be necessary in these cases.